Rust, C, C++ are the languages used to build programs deployed on-chain. Solana’s highly performant blockchain is built using the eight innovations:
Proof of History: A clock before the agreement
Tower BFT: A PoH-optimized version of PBFT
Turbine: A block spread protocol
Gulfstream: Mempool-less transaction forwarding protocol
Sealevel: Analogous smart contracts run-time
Pipelining: Transaction processing unit for authentication
Cloudbreak: Horizontally-scaled accounts database
Archives: Distributed ledger storage
Brief descriptions of the above are as follows: -
Proof of History (POH)
Integration of timestamps at sanctioning transactions to make the blockchain more effective and further make transactions track easily. Through the timestamps, nodes fix the arrangement of events, and the systems turn into a cryptographic clock for the network. The PoH accord algorithm also raises the throughput rate within the network.

Solana's consensus procedures are a unique blend of proof-of-history (PoH) and proof-of-stake (PoS). The Solana protocol's key component is proof-of-history, which handles most transaction processing. PoH keeps track of successful operations and the time between them, maintaining the blockchain's trustlessness. The proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus is a monitoring mechanism for the PoH processes, validating each block sequence created. Solana is a one-of-a-kind phenomenon in the blockchain industry since it combines two consensus processes.

Use of native tokens in the ecosystem
The native cryptocurrency of Solana is SOL, which is utilized for transaction fees and staking. It also entitles owners to vote on future upgrades.
SPL tokens are to Solana what ERC tokens are to the Ethereum network. SPL is the token standard for the Solana blockchain.